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To prevent altering the ledger, once a node receives a given block, the node will not accept any further blocks which have not been created after the given block. Although this blocks over-generation problem can be a major drawback of the blockchain, it has a number of advantages: it discourages spam and allows a proof-of-work system to ensure the decentralization of the network.
Structure of the blockchain
Block structure
Each block contains a block header that has a timestamp, an index, a hash of the block's parent, and a hash of the previous block in the chain.
Block index
Each block contains a 20-byte block index which is the Merkle root of the block's ancestors. It's computed by hashing the block's block header with the block's first parent hash.
Block's ancestor's hash
Each block's 20-byte block index is computed by hashing the block's block header with the block's first parent hash.
Block header
The block header consists of:
Version field: Version number of the format: Version 1 (the first block in the blockchain), or Version 2 (later blocks)
Nonce: A number used once; in the case of an invalid block, it is incremented by one for each node that is connected to it.
Parent hash: The hash of the block's parent block in the blockchain
Merkle root: The hash of the block's index. The root is calculated using a hash tree, where each leaf node is a hash of an index, and the root is the hash of the index concatenated with the hashes in the path from the root to the leaf.
Time stamp: The Unix time at which the block was last added to the blockchain
See also
Bitcoin client software
Block
Blockchain
Hashing
Mining
Script
Consensus algorithm
Hashcash
References
External links
Blockchain Explorer - Easily understand blockchain & its functions with this tool
BlockExplorer - A simple blockchain explorer tool
Blockchain Explorer - an interactive dashboard
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