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老鼠
治標土壤處理,白蟻大都透過土壤入屋,因此土壤必須小心處理。 蛾蚋和蚊子的習性類似,喜歡在陰暗有積水處繁殖,預防方式就是定期檢查家中是否有積水,並定期對室內排水管進行疏通消毒。
德國蟑螂為公共場所優勢、獨佔蟑螂;各營業場所,如餐廳、飯店、娛樂場所等均無所不在。 德國蟑螂的防治,曾困擾西方國家近一世紀;近年來許多場所之德國蟑螂無法防制。 3室內地板、牆壁…等要妥為修補,傢俱應盡量避免留有空隙或裂縫;移除報紙、紙板、紙盒等減少蟑螂藏匿處所。 4用完吸塵器,馬上將灰塵倒進塑膠袋中,噴入殺蟲劑後將袋口封住並丟棄,記住必須馬上處理,否則吸塵器便成為跳蚤生長發育最佳場所。 成蟲:出繭後即開始尋找宿主吸血,視覺和溫度為貓蚤跳躍找到宿主主要刺激源,光線、二氧化碳和氣流能增強貓蚤同運動物體的定向移動。 雌蚤在宿主身上吸血後,第二天即開始產卵,並於第四天達產卵高峰;平均每隻雌蚤每天可產13.51個卵,一生產158.4個卵;雌蚤平均壽命比雄蚤長,分別為11.2日和7.2日;貓蚤成蟲為正的趨光性和負的趨地性。
如有些植物精油或化學忌避劑(如含KBR和DEET成分藥劑)可噴灑環境或塗佈於衣服、鞋襪等以驅除、防範害蟲為害。 環境衛生管理法:藉自然環境的變更:防止、限制、減少、去除害蟲的孳生。 包括居屋孔道、排水溝疏濬、積水排除、農作物管理、及沼澤地維護整頓…等。
7若蟲期短,快速發育成長、擴張族群:德國蟑螂在20℃,需126天始可完成發育,在30℃,52天即可完成一個世代;卵期僅15-30天,每年可繁殖3-4代,繁殖潛能強。 由於生活史短,發育成長快,一年中增加數世代,族群快速擴張;且易產生抗藥品系。 2改良裝潢的技術減少隙(裂)縫;建材選擇不易保溫的材質:(德國)蟑螂性喜棲息於溫暖隙(裂)縫內,以減少提供蟑螂良好隱身棲息的場所。 雌蟲一生平均可產61個卵鞘,平均每隔5天產一卵鞘;通常含16個卵。 在26℃下,卵平均經36天孵化為若蟲,若蟲期平均為302天。
中華瘧蚊密度消長與稻作密切相關,在亞熱帶地區此蚊長年可見,如一年有二次稻作,則有二次高峰期。 斑腳沼蚊為馬來絲蟲和斑氏絲蟲(W.bancrofti)病媒。 其生活史非常特殊,幼蟲和蛹必須附著於水生植物的莖或根上,才能完成整個生活史。 卵為梭形,卵塊呈放射狀,產於水生植物(水萵苣、布袋蓮)的葉下表皮。 產卵前沼蚊停於葉面上,並且來回走動,其頭上下擺動,以觸角尋找產卵的適當位置。 產卵時,腹部伸入葉緣的水中,尾部刺入葉的表皮,開始產卵。
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