Notes

archaic Indians. The archaic (of an earlier time) Indians lived after the paleo Indians. During this time, the natural word was changing. The weather became warmer, and ice in the mountains began to melt. Rivers became wider, deeper, and faster. Archaic Indians devolved new skills. They caught fish and hunted small animals. They gathered seeds, nuts, roots, and berries for food. The people made pointed arrowheads and sharp knives. These helped them hunt and prepare food. Archaeologists are scientist who study clues to learn about people of the past. These clues are artifacts buried in the earth. first, archaeologists decide where they want to search for clues. This takes a lot of time, work and planning. Next they carefully begin to dig into the dirt. They do not want to harm anything they want to find. They hope to uncover objects left by people long time ago. Archaeologists use many tools to find objects. Some of these are shovels', brushes, scoops, and pans. Underground X-ray machines are also used to learn about objects. this allows archaeologists to study without actually digging into the dirt. Where an object is found is important.‚ location can tell archaeologiofts how the object was used. scientists have found ,artifacts of early people all across North America. they discoverd some of the oldest artifacts in Idaho. as a young boy don crabtree was curious about acient people when he was 11 years old a neighbor gave him a arrowhead. what a treasure. crabtree was exicted to learn more. what kind of ston ewas it made of? how was it made who made it. crabtree tried to make his own arrowheads. he used a pointed hammer to chip away at natural glass. this turned out to be a lot harder than he thought. He relized acient tool makers were artist. the acient points he stuided were not only sharp but were also beautiful. when crabtree was older he had to have a operation. his docter used one of crabtrees homemade blades instead of a suregons knife. the skin healed without a scar. throughout his life crantrees intrest in acient people and making tools grew in Idaho, he studied places where Fosills were found. Fosills are imprint or actual reamins of plants or animals in a rock. Crabtree also visited Indian Reservations. He tried to learn as much as he could he helped put together of the Puzzle of Idaho's past. other clues the next time you hike in the mountions or fish in the stream look around you may see something wonderful hiding among the cliffs. Ancient people used stone tools to carve desigins called petroglyphs into the rock. petroglyphs, are mysterious . some look like animals. othersas show a group of stars in the sky no one knows for sure what these carvings mean. you may also find
pictographs wich are desigins painted on a rock look at them but never take them or change them in any way they are imporant clues to the past. celebration park is in the southwestern region in canyon county there you can see petrograthys and pictographs these help us learn about the aears early people native American tribes year after year archaic indains moved from place to place. over thousand years the people learned to make better tools they also started building long lasting houses later they began making arrows and bows and pottery over time these archaisis indain groups became tribes and made idaho there home tribes are groups of native americans who share the same ancestors lifestyle and laungauge ancestors are family members who lived long ago most tribes had simular cloths food and shelter but each tribe had its own culture or way a group of peoples lives. and traditions. when the first white explorers and trappers came to what we now call Idaho, there were at least seven tribes living here. The nothern tribes were the kootenai, kalispel, Coeur d'alene, and nez perce. the shosonne, bannrock, and nothern paitute lived in the south. Some of these names are not the names teh tribes used at the times. Each tribe had a name in its own languange. later when white people met native people, they called them by new names. today there are five tribes in Idaho that are recongized by the U.S. goverment. these are the kootenai, Coeur d'alene, nez perce, shoshonne-paiute, and shoosne-bannrock. reconized tribes have usally made treaties or either ellegal agreements with the U.S. goverment. there are also other many tribes in the state that have not made any official agreements with the goverment. TREATIES AND RESEVASTIONS. the purpose of treaties was to settle boundaries. in many cases, Native Americans were forced into treaty agreements y the U.S. goverment. this caused tribes to be moved to land set aside by the goverment. these lands are called reseverations. you will learn more about treaties and resevations in chp 5. and that is just the beginning.